Archive for November, 2014
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L-Album tal-Priġunieri tal-Gwerra
Ġurnata minnhom, ġewwa l-binja tal-Arkivji Nazzjonali ta’ Malta fir-Rabat, tfaċċat mara anzjana mill-Kanada. F’idejha kellha xi dokumenti, fosthom album ta’ missierha li kien imur lura għall-Ewwel Gwerra Dinjija. Hi xtaqet tkun taf jekk l-arkivisti tagħna kienux isibu xi interess fl-oġġetti li ġabet magħha. Stenniet b’attenzjoni biex tara r-reazzjoni tal-arkivista. U hekk kif dan beda jqalleb il-paġni, għajnejh xegħlu…..
George H Salter
Missier Marylyn Peringer kien George H Salter. Huwa kien Ingliż u matul il-perjodu tal-Ewwel Gwerra Dinjija, kien jifforma parti mill-armata Brittanika. Xogħolu ġabu Malta meta huwa ngħata r-responsabbiltà li jieħu ħsieb il-Kampijiet tal-Priġunieri tal-Gwerra li nfetħu f’pajjiżna. Fost id-dmirijiet tiegħu, huwa kien iżomm rendikont tal-flus li kienu jirċievu l-priġunieri mingħand qrabathom u ħbiebhom u mbagħad kien jgħaddihomlhom għall-użu tagħhom.
Mir-rimarki li ħallewlu wħud mill-priġunieri fl-album tiegħu, fosthom il-Prinċep von Hohenzollern, jidher li Salter kien bniedem ġust f’xogħolu. Għall-kuntrarju, uffiċċjali oħrajn kienu jabbużaw mir-rati tal-kambju meta kienu jbiddlulhom il-flus, filwaqt li numru ieħor kienu jitolbuhom kummissoni esorbitanti biex jaqduhom.
Malta – in-Ners tal-Mediterran
Għalkemm Malta ma nvolvietx ruħha direttament f’din il-gwerra, xorta waħda hija kellha rwoli sinifikanti mmens. Fosthom diversi binjiet pubbliċi ġew mibdula fi sptarijiet sabiex pajjiżna jirċievi għadd ta’ suldati midruba. Infatti, għall-ħabta ta’ Jannar 1916, f’Malta kien hawn madwar 20,000 sodda mqassma fi 28 sit għal dan il-għan. Mhux ta’ b’xejn li f’dan iż-żmien, pajjiżna sar magħruf bħala in-Ners tal-Mediterran.
Malta tilqa’ l-priġunieri tal-gwerra
Sehem ieħor li ngħata lil pajjiżna kien illi jilqa’ fih il-priġunieri tal-gwerra li kienu qed jinqabdu waqt l-attakki. B’hekk f’Malta bdew jinfetħu diversi Kampijiet tal-Priġunieri fosthom fil-Forti Verdala, f’San Klement, f’San Salvatore u fil-Polverista.
Fatt interessanti huwa illi flimkien mal-priġunieri li kien hemm fil-Kamp ta’ Verdala, fis-7 ta’ Mejju 1917, ingħaqad ukoll Dr Enrico Mizzi, li snin wara sar Prim Ministru ta’ Malta, minħabba li kien favur it-Taljani. Huwa nżamm f’dan il-post sat-13 t’Awwissu 1917 sakemm ittella’ ġuri.
Priġunier ieħor kien il-Ġermaniż Karl Doenitz. Huwa ntbagħat fil-kamp ta’ Verdala wara li l-U Boat tiegħu UB 68, li tagħha kien il-kmandant, għerqet fit-3 t’Ottubru 1918 lejn in-naħa tax-xlokk ta’ Sqallija. Skont dokumenti li rrefera magħhom Giovanni Bonello, jidher li Doenitz kellu karattru pjuttost riservat u ta’ ftit kliem. Fil-kamp kien waqa’ f’dipressjoni akuta għax bħal donnu li kien daħħalha f’rasu li l-U-Boat intilfet minħabba xi żball li għamel hu. Intant, aktar tard fit-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija, Doenitz laħaq Gran Ammirall u wara s-suwiċidju ta’ Hitler, kien huwa li sar il-Kanċillier tat-Tielet Reich.
L-album ta’ Salter
Għalkemm f’diversi kotba nsibu informazzjoni dettaljata dwar dak li seħħ matul dawn il-gwerer, l-album ta’ Salter serva bħala mezz sinifikanti sabiex jitfa’ dawl fuq dak li kien qed jiġri f’dawn il-Kampijiet tal-Gwerra, partikolarment fejn tidħol ir-relazzjoni tal-uffiċċjali tal-armata ma’ dawn il-priġunieri.
Fost il-paġni tiegħu, wieħed isib għadd ta’ kummenti b’lingwi differenti, firem, diżinji u tpinġijiet. Mill-kitba tal-priġunieri, wieħed jista’ jinnota li għalkemm dawn kienu ġejjin minn pajjiżi, kulturi u livelli tas-soċjetà differenti, huma kienu jaqsmu l-istess fehmiet fejn tidħol ix-xewqa kbira li jirritornaw lejn pajjiżhom u lejn djarhom, in-niket minħabba li nħonqot il-libertà tagħhom u d-dwejjaq peress li fil-kampijiet ma tantx kien hemm wisq x’tagħmel.
Fatt ieħor interessanti li wieħed jista’ jsegwi huwa kif żvolġiet ħajjet dawn il-priġunieri li ġew maqbuda u sfurzati jgħixu flimkien f’dawn il-kampijiet ma’ nies li ma kienux jafu, filwaqt li għadd ta’ suldati oħra minn pajjiżhom kienu qed jiġġieldu u jitqatlu matul il-gwerra.
Dawn in-narrazzjonijiet flimkien ma’ għadd ta’ informazzjoni, illustrazzjonijiet u dettalji oħra siewja, inġabru mill-Arkivji Nazzjonali ta’ Malta ġewwa l-ktieb li ġie ppubblikat dan l-aħħar bl-isem ‘The Salter Album: Encounters in Malta’s Prisoner of War Camps 1940 – 1920′.
Il-ġrajja tal-koppja Salter
Waqt it-tnhedija ta’ dan il-ktieb, attendiet ukoll bint Salter li llum għandha 78 sena. Naturalment, ħtaft l-opportunità sabiex nisma’ ġrajjietha direttament minn għandha. Wara kollox, ħajjet Marylyn hija marbuta mill-qrib ma’ pajjiżna minħabba li ommha kienet Maltija.
Infatti, il-ġrajja ta’ omm Marylyn ġiet ukoll irrakkuntata u nkluża f’dan il-ktieb, hekk kif permezz ta’ awtobijografija li hija ħalliet li bintha, din setgħet tgħaddi aktar informazzjoni lill-arkivji tagħna.
Kien fl-1917 meta Mary Tabone applikat sabiex tibda taħdem fil-Kamp tal-Priġunieri tal-Gwerra ġewwa Verdala u wara li qagħdet għall-eżami meħtieġ, hija u tfajla oħra ntagħżlu meta ġew l-ewwel fir-riżultati. Iżda hawnhekk inqala’ l-bużillis hekk kif uħud mill-Maltin tkażaw kif kien qed jingħata x-xogħol lin-nisa meta kien hemm tant irġiel tal-familja li kellhom bżonn jaħdmu. Tant tqajjmet polemika illi wara li dawn iż-żewġ tfajliet ġew aċċettati, ħarġet regola ġdida li għal dan ix-xogħol, irġiel biss setgħu japplikaw.
Sadanittant, Mary sabet ruħha taħdem flimkien ma’ Salter li b’paċenzja kbira ħarriġha f’xogħolha. It-tfajla ma damitx ma nġibdet lejn dan ir-raġel tant ġentili u tal-galbu li kien iħobb il-mużika bħalha. U meta ntebħet li hu ma kienx qed joħroġ ma’ sħabu meta dawn kienu jmorru jixorbu fil-ħwienet tax-xorb, darba minnhom, hija stednitu għall-ikel ħalli jiltaqa’ mal-familja tagħha.
Hekk bdiet din il-ħbiberija bejn dawn it-tnejn u ftit ftit dawn bdew jinġibdu lejn xulxin. Madanakollu, huma kellhom iżommu l-emozzjonijiet tagħhom mistura f’qalbhom minħabba li Salter kien miżżewweġ u kien jinsab waħdu hawn Malta peress li martu ma xtaqitx takkumpanjah fi gżiritna.
Is-snin gerrbu u l-gwerra ntemmet. U hekk kif bosta nies madwar Malta bdew jiċċelebraw, qalb Mary infniet hekk kif f’tebqa t’għajn, wara li għalaq il-Kamp tal-Priġunieri tal-Gwerra, hija tilfet xogħolha u anki lil Salter li kellu jħalli lil pajjiżna.
Ħajjet dawn iż-żewġ individwi kompliet għaddejjha separatament għal bosta snin fejn Mary żżewġet Malti li kien jgħix l-Amerika u telgħet tgħix hemmhekk. Iżda wara sena, hija sfat armla minħabba li żewġha miet f’inċident. Xi żmien wara mietet ukoll mart Salter wara marda li kellha.
B’mod jew ieħor, id-destin reġa’ laqqa’ lil dawn it-tnejn flimkien u huma ntebħu li kienu għadhom jinħabbu, tant li żżewġu wara ftit. Minn dan iż-żwieġ twieldet Marylyn u ħajjet il-koppja kienet sabiħa, sakemm bdiet it-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija li firdithom mill-ġdid, did-darba, għal dejjem.
Dan ġara wara li Mary u bintha telqu lejn l-Amerika meta l-Ingilterra sofriet l-ewwel bombardament, filwaqt li Salter baqa’ f’pajjiżu biex jgħin f’din il-gwerra li reġgħet inqalgħet. Iżda fl-1942, huwa miet bit-tuberkolożi u Marylyn sfat orfni ta’ sitt snin.
Xi ġranet wara, ommha Mary rċeviet l-affarijiet li kien ħallha żewġha warajh, fosthom dan l-album b’tant rikordji. Kien hemm li hija bdiet tirrakkonta lil bintha dwar il-ġrajja tagħha u ta’ żewġha.
L-awtobijografija ta’ Mary Salter
Għadda ż-żmien u Mary iddeċidiet li tikteb l-awtobijografija tagħha sabiex tħalli rikordju ta’ dak li għaddiet minnu. Meta lestietha, ittantat kemm il-darba biex tippubblikaha imma qatt ma rnexxielha. Finalment, hija rregalat dan ix-xogħol lil bintha waqt ċelebrazzjoni ta’ għeluq sninha u sena wara l-omm mietet wara li daħlet għal operazzjoni u ma ħarġitx ħajja mill-isptar.
“Min jaf kemm tkun kuntenta ommi li kieku kellha tara dan il-ktieb li fih jinkludi l-ġrajja tagħha flimkien ma’ dik ta’ missieri u dak li għaddew minnu fil-Kampijiet tal-priġunieri tal-Gwerra,” qaltli Marylyn b’tonn nostalġiku.
Kien tassew mument sinifikanti meta Marylyn irregalat kopja ta’ dan il-ktieb lill-Ambaxxatur tal-Ġermanja, Klaus-Peter Brandes, li apparti li attenda għal din il-funzjoni, huwa għen ukoll sabiex dan il-proġett seta’ jitwettaq.
(Dan l-artiklu ġie ppubblikat fis-sensiela KOBOR IL-MALTI (27 Parti) fit-Torċa tat-30 ta’ Novembru 2014)
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Mitluf wara l-ħin
Ix-xitan ma jaħti xejn
Qatt innutajtu li bosta drabi, l-arloġġi tal-knejjes ma jaqblux bejniethom? Meta darba staqsejt dwar dan, xi ħadd semmieli t-tradizzjoni li tgħid li dak kien ġest li jsir apposta biex iħawwad lix-xitan, sabiex jekk dan jersaq lejn il-knisja, ma jkollux idea liema wieħed minnhom kien il-ħin it-tajjeb.
“Kollha ħmerijiet dawk!” ħatafni mill-ewwel Stephen Zammit, espert fil-qasam tal-arloġġi. “Li kieku naqbad insemmilek dwar l-għidut żbaljat li nisma’, lanqas nieqaf!”
“Mela għandek tkun taf li meta kienu jsiru żewġ kampnari fi knisja, l-arluġġar ma kienx jagħmel żewġ magni, imma magna waħda. Għaldaqstant, meta kien jitpoġġa arloġġ fuq il-kampnar l-ieħor, dan kien isir biss għall-bilanċ tal-estetika. Infatti, bosta drabi l-minutieri tal-arloġġ l-ieħor kienu jkunu biss miżbugħa fuq il-ħajt u ġeneralment dawn kienu juru nofsinhar.”
L-arloġġ tal-Mużew Marittimu
Qatta’ ħamiem inħasdet, tgerrxet u taret il-bogħod hekk kif ħabta u sabta, mill-kampnar li konna ħdejh, bdew ħerġin moti sbieħ u sodi.
“Xi ġmiel hux?” staqsini Stephen hekk kif rama jgħodd bil-mod id-daqq tal-qniepen. Il-ħoss waqaf eżatt kif waqaf jgħodd hu.
“Dak nafu bl-amment jien,” qalli hekk kif beda jispjegali x-xogħol li kien wettaq fuq l-arloġġ li jinsab fuq il-bejt tal-bini tal-Mużew Marittimu li jinsab il-Birgu.
“Oriġinarjament, dan l-arloġġ li nħadem fid-19 il-seklu, kien jinsab ġewwa kampnar żgħir li kien iħares fuq Baċir Numru 1. Imbagħad, wara li tmexxa għal hawn, l-uċuħ ta’ dan l-arloġġ bdew jagħtu fuq Bormla, l-Isla u l-Belt Valletta.”
Mitluf wara l-arloġġi sa minn ċkunitu
“L-ewwel interess fl-arloġġi tqanqal fija meta bdejt immur nisma’ l-quddies fil-knisja ta’ Ħ’Attard. Ta’ tifel li kont, affaxxinajt ruħi bl-arloġġ li kien hemm fil-kampnar,” beda jirrakkuntali Stephen.
“Imbagħad, meta kelli madwar 11 il-sena, tħajjart nibda nsewwi l-iżveljarini li kienu jaħdmu bil-ħabel. Kull wieħed li kont insib wieqaf kont niftħu u noqgħod ninnutah sabiex nipprova nifhem għaliex ma kienx qed jaħdem. Ftit ftit bdejt nintebaħ bil-partijiet li ma kienux f’posthom jew li jkunu tkissru. Hekk kif kont nagħraf li kien hemm xi parti miksura, kont immur nordnaha mingħand aġent tal-ispare parts tal-arloġġi li kien hemm il-Belt. U meta din tasal, kont nara li npoġġiha f’postha u l-arloġġ jerġa’ jaħdem.”
Minn hemm ma damx ma dar għall-arloġġi tal-idejn, li għalkemm kienu iżgħar u b’hekk kien jeħtiġielhom iktar attenzjoni, xorta waħda sab irkaptu tagħhom. Stqarr li kienet l-hena tiegħu meta kien jerġa’ jisma’ t-tektik regolari ta’ arloġġ li ma kienx jaħdem għax b’hekk kien iħoss li reġa’ tah il-ħajja.
Involut fl-arloġġi tal-knejjes b’mod aċċidentali
Is-snin gerrbu u Stephen kompla jinvolvi ruħu f’din is-sengħa tat-tiswija tal-arloġġi.
Ġara li darba minnhom, ir-Reverendu Kanonku Louis Suban, li dak iż-żmien kien il-Kappillan tal-Imsida, iltaqa’ maz-ziju ta’ Stephen fejn fosthom qallu kemm xtaq isib lil xi ħadd li kien kapaċi jsewwielu l-arloġġ antik tal-parroċċa li nħadem fit-18 il-seklu.
“Zijuwi rrakkommandani għalkemm ma qallux li jien kont in-neputi tiegħu u l-kappillan ikkuntattjani. Min-naħa tiegħi, ħassejtni tassew eċitat li kont ser naħdem fuq arloġġ daqstant antik. Mort narah u sibt li kellu xi partijiet li kienu ddeterjoraw biż-żmien. U wara li bdiltlu u rranġajtlu dak li kien hemm bżonn, dan l-arloġġ prezzjuż reġa’ beda jaħdem u hekk għadu s’issa!” qalli kburi.
L-arluġġara Maltin ta’ dari
“Inzerta li Fr. Suban għandu interess fl-arloġġi minħabba li l-antenati tiegħu kienu jagħmluhom. Infatti kienu huma li ħadmu l-arloġġi tal-parroċċa ta’ Marsaxlokk u ta’ Ħal-Safi. Inċidentalment xi familjari tiegħu ħadmu anki fuq dan l-arloġġ,” spjegli Stephen hekk kif ħareġ ċavetta mill-but u daħħalni fil-kampnar sabiex nara mill-qrib l-istruttura tal-mekkaniżmu tal-arloġġ.
Qatt ma rajt magna daqstant kbira ta’ arloġġ u f’għajnejja dehret pjuttost ikkumplikata. Intant, fuq parti minn dan il-mekkaniżmu stajt nara l-firma mnaqqxa – Brothers Suban. Malta. 1896.
“Ġeneralment, kemm l-arluġġara u kif ukoll dawk li jagħmlu xogħol ta’ tiswija fuqhom kienu jħallu marka apposta sabiex jiddokumentaw xogħolhom,” fehemni Stephen hekk kif ipponta subgħajh lejn firma oħra.
Did-darba kien hemm miktub: Matthew Dutton. London. 1810.
“B’dan il-mod insibu min bena s-sistema oriġinali, meta u fejn. Permezz ta’ dawn l-indikazzjonijiet, sirt konxju minn kemm kellna arluġġara u nies li jsewwu l-arloġġi matul dawn l-aħħar sekli f’pajjiżna. Imma sfortunatament, mhux kulħadd kien iħalli l-firma tiegħu u b’hekk, għalkemm ikun ċar li min ħadem l-arloġġ kien Malti, ma jkollniex idea dwar min kien eżatt.”
Stephen kompla jfehemni dwar kemm iħossu ddiżappuntat meta jisma’ lil ċerti persuni jitkellmu dejjem fuq l-istess arluġġara, bħallikieku ma kienx hemm oħrajn ukoll.
“Ngħidu aħna, ħafna jsemmu lil Michelangelo Sapiano peress li hu kien tassew prolifiku fil-qasam tal-arloġġi. Però dan inzerta għex fi żmien meta kien hawn għatx kbir għall-arloġġi u hu għaraf jisfrutta l-opportunità. Infatti, Sapiano ħadem madwar 21 arloġġ ta’ diversi parroċċi f’Malta, inkluż dak ta’ Ħal-Luqa.”
“Jiena ħdimt fuq l-arloġġ li hemm Ħal-Luqa ta’ Sapiano u hemmhekk rajt b’għajnejja u missejt b’idejja l-inġenjosità li kellu dal-bniedem. Immeraviljajt ruħi hekk kif bdejt nifli s-sistema li ħadem fil-mekkaniżmu ta’ dan l-arloġġ sabiex biha jirregola tliet minutieri tal-ħin u waħda li turi d-data.”
Madanakollu, skont Stephen, Sapiano tħarreġ f’din is-sengħa mal-familja Tanti li mmanifatturaw madwar sebgħa arloġġi tal-knejjes, fosthom dak tal-Qrendi u ta’ Ħal-Tarxien. Però dawn ftit li xejn qatt issemmew.
“U mhux dawk biss. Hemm ħafna aktar arluġġara Maltin li ma nitkellmux dwarhom. Fosthom hemm Demanuele li ħadem l-arloġġ tal-parroċċa ta’ Ħaż-Żabbar, Muscat li mmanifattura l-arloġġ taċ-Ċitadella t’Għawdex u ċertu Gauci li ftit nafu dwaru.”
Il-mekkaniżmu tal-arloġġi
Għal dawn l-aħħar tletin sena, Stephen kellu l-opportunità li jaħdem fuq l-arloġġi ta’ diversi parroċċi u lwogi oħra u għalhekk biż-żmien, huwa rabba’ istint naturali ta’ kif jagħraf bejn ix-xogħol ta’ arluġġar u ieħor. Fl-istess ħin, huwa dara jagħraf ċerta uniformità bejn il-bażi ta’ kull struttura mekkanika tal-arloġġi u b’hekk isawwret fih l-esperjenza neċessarja biex isewwi l-arloġġi kollha li jsib quddiemu.
“Ħares lejn dawn it-tliet sezzjonijiet tal-arloġġ,” talabni Stephen. “Innota kif dik tan-nofs hija mdendla ma’ pendlu sabiex tirregola l-ħin, filwaqt li s-sezzjonijiet l-oħra qegħdin hemm biex imexxu l-kwarti u s-siegħat.”
Matul din id-diskussjoni tagħna, konna akkumpanjati mit-tektik regolari tal-arloġġ. Iżda f’daqqa waħda, parti mis-sistema ċċaqalqet u f’kemm trodd salib, il-mekkaniżmu kollu donnu ħa l-ħajja, hekk kif aktar sezzjonijiet mill-istruttura metallika bdew jimxu, jduru u jperpru, filwaqt li lieva twila bdiet tiġbed u timbotta l-imrietel tal-ħadid mal-qniepen li kien hemm il-fuq, sabiex dawn idoqqu u jimmarkaw il-ħin.
It-tnejn skittna għal mument sabiex napprezzaw is-sengħa ta’ min ħadem dik is-sistema.
“Probabbli inti taħseb li jiena drajthom dawn l-esperjenzi u li allura m’għadhomx jimpressjonawni,” kiser is-silenzju Stephen, hekk kif id-daqq tal-qniepen waqaf u l-apparat reġa’ kkalma għat-tektik tal-polz regolari tiegħu. “Però kif qed tara għadni nsibhom affaxxinanti wisq u għalkemm ilni snin naħdem fuqhom, baqgħu jimmeraviljawni.”
Jista’ jkun li bla ma jaf, Stephen jinħakem ukoll mill-ġibda naturali li jħoss lejn it-toni mużikali li tħaddem is-sistema, hekk kif apparti dax-xogħol, huwa wkoll vjolinista mal-Orkestra Filarmonika ta’ Malta.
“Niġi nirregola dan l-arloġġ darba f’ġimgħa,” qalli Stephen hekk kif beda jimmanipula t-tliet piżijiet tal-arloġġ u jien erħejtilha nsegwi dak li kien qed jagħmel.
Invenzjoni ġdida biex l-arloġġi jaħdmu weħidhom
“Sa ftit tas-snin ilu, parti mix-xogħol tas-sagristana kien li jagħtu l-ħabel lill-arloġġi tal-knejjes. Ngħidu aħna sal-2008, l-arloġġ li hemm fil-Kon-Kattidral ta’ San Ġwann il-Belt, kien jingħata l-ħabel kuljum sabiex juri l-ħin tajjeb.”
“Apparti li dan kien strapazz inutli fuq in-nies involuti, il-konnessjoni kontinwa mas-sistemi ta’ dawn l-arloġġi setgħet ukoll tqanqal xi ħsarat. Kien għalhekk li meta fl-2008 ġejt imsejjaħ biex nirrestawra dan l-arloġġ, issuġġerejt li miegħu tintrama wkoll sistema sabiex dan jibda jieħu l-ħabel b’mod awtomatiku perjodikament u b’hekk ħadd ma jkollu għalfejn jimmanipulah. Naturalment, minn żmien għal żmien, xorta waħda jkollu bżonn xi arranġamenti żgħar; bħal meta jkun irid jaqleb id-data minn xahar għall-ieħor peress li mhux ix-xhur kollha għandhom l-istess tul ta’ ġranet.”
L-istess sistema saret ukoll fuq l-arloġġ maestuż magħruf bħala Ta’ Pinto li jinsab fil-Palazz tal-President ġewwa l-Belt Valletta.
“Jiena kelli x-xorti nirrestawra dak l-arloġġ li għandu mekkaniżmu interessanti ferm. Infatti jekk tħares sewwa lejh tara li dan l-arloġġ ma jimmarkax biss il-ħin imma anki x-xahar, il-ġurnata u saħansitra l-fażijiet tal-qamar. Biex juri l-ħin, għandu biss minutiera waħda tas-siegħat u dik turik li l-arloġġ huwa antik ħafna. Infatti kelli naħdem b’reqqa kbira fuqu minħabba li ż-żmien għamlu fraġli ħafna,” fissirli Stephen.
“Li kieku kellek tara l-makkinarju ta’ dan l-arloġġ, kont tista’ tapprezza s-sistema li tmexxi kollox, fosthom anki l-figuri li jdoqqu l-qniepen. Infatti, l-erbgħa figuri tal-metall għandhom kontra-piż kull wieħed li jiġbidhom lura u jimbuttahom il-quddiem fuq il-qniepen sabiex jindaqqu. Il-figura tax-xellug u l-oħra tal-lemin idoqqu l-kwarti b’mod alternat fuq qniepen differenti, filwaqt li ż-żewġ figuri tan-nofs idoqqu l-istess qanpiena tas-siegħa u jalternaw ukoll. Ta’ min jgħid illi din is-sistema ta’ alternazzjoni mhux qiegħda hemm sempliċiment bħala disinn imma għax l-arloġġ ma jiflaħx jerfa’ żewġ affarijiet f’salt.”
Ġieli sakkruh fil-knisja
“Ma nixba qatt inħares lejn l-arloġġi u wisq anqas nitkellem dwarhom,” stqarr Stephen hekk kif ta daqqa t’għajn tal-aħħar lejn l-arloġġ tal-Mużew Marittimu u għalaq il-bieb warajh.
“Kull meta mmur naħdem fuq xi arloġġ, ma nkunx nista’ nirreżisti t-tentazzjoni li nibqa’ hemm siegħa oħra ħalli nikkonferma li kollox qed jaħdem tajjeb. Bla ma naf kif, nintilef u kultant imn’Alla li ċċempilli l-mara biex turini li sar il-ħin.”
“Saħansitra sakkruni darbtejn fi knisja għax wara s-siegħat kollha li qattgħajt hemm fuq, insew li kont għadni fil-kampnar,” qalli Stephen filwaqt li daħak waħda bil-qalb.
(Dan l-artiklu jifforma parti mis-sensiela KOBOR IL-MALTI (26 parti) fit-Torċa tas-16 ta’ Novembru 2014)
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A medal for silver
Within his small workshop in Zejtun, 68 year old silversmith Joseph Aquilina, can still do wonders with precious metals. Having worked as a silversmith from age 14, he has gained so much mastery in this trade that one of his creations was donated to Queen Elizabeth II during the celebrations of Malta’s Independence in 1964. Nowadays, his expertise is particularly focused on the restoration of antique objects which adorn our churches.
Aquilina learnt this trade from his father Joseph who was originally from Cospicua. Before World War II, Cospicua was renowned for some of the most skillfull silversmiths who eventually had to move to other areas in Malta when this zone became a target to heavy attacks and bombardments.
From early childhood, Aquilina was very interested in his father’s work and he spent hours observing him working silver items in his shop at St Mary Square in Zejtun. At age 12, he used to rush at the shop immediately after school in order to join silver beads together to produce rosaries for his father’s clients.
Aquilina knew that he was hooked to this trade but he never dreamt that at age 14, he would be obliged to choose between attending school and becoming a silversmith! It all happened when one day, a social service inspector called at their shop and found him doing some work. It was useless to insist that the boy was only helping his father because the inspector maintained that if the boy wanted to stay in the shop, he had to register for employment within 15 days. And that was the end of his schooldays.
“School meant nothing to me at that time and I thought that it was a great opportunity to start doing what I was really passionate about. However, when in later years I had to manage my business and was faced with several difficulties due to my brief education, I realized that leaving school at such an early age was definitely a huge mistake,” admitted Aquilina.
His father was greatly disciplined in his trade and he demanded the same diligence from his son. Above all, he wanted to pass to him all the knowledge that he had inherited from past generations. Yet this was no easy task since the silversmith’s trade expands vastly and covers areas which include work in silver, gold, filigree and the setting of diamonds.
“Nowadays, most silversmiths choose to specialize in just one of these sectors, but when I was learning the trade, one had to learn to deal with all these areas in order to become a professional. It took long years until you were regarded to be competent enough to open your own business. That was why it was necessary to start at a very young age in this trade and to take matters very seriously.”
Interestingly, Aquilina succeeded to attain his father’s complete trust by disobeying him.“My father expected utter attention during work, both because he wanted the final product to be impeccable, and also because the slightest mistake could be very costly, especially when we were using gold. He put so much pressure upon me that at first, I felt terrified of him and I did not dare to do anything which he did not ask for.”
Yet one day, Aquilina felt confident enough to try his luck by operating the soldering equipment which his father had adamantly prohibited him to use. Indeed, whilst his father went to church to attend a Lent sermon, Aquilina asked his mother to give him her gold wedding ring in order to cut it in half and reconstruct it again. His mother accepted without a second thought and Aquilina hurried to the workshop, broke the ring in two, switched on the gas, prepared the soldering equipment and trembling with excitement, he quickly joined the two parts together. He did such an excellent job that his mother could not identify any signs that her ring had been broken, and when she told her husband about this and he inspected the ring, a bright smile lit on his face. His son had finally made it!
From then on, Aquilina had his father’s complete respect and he started to produce his own creations for their clients. He had learnt this trade in the traditional way where everything was done by hand, and to keep in line with this method, he decided to focus on the antique style. This stratagem worked perfectly with those connoisseurs who appreciated refined local craftsmanship.
“I am proud to say that many of my works can be found among the collections of several local and foreign distinguished individuals. Most of my creations consisted of antique Maltese style coffee sets which included only three items: a coffee pot, a sugar-basin and a milk jug, since tea was not popular back then.”
Some of Aquilina’s works have often been selected to be given as gifts to foreign individuals.
“I made a particular silver sugar-basin for a group of Drydocks’ workers who wanted to give it to their British Admiral when he ended his job in Malta. Yet surely, the most popular item that I produced, was the 14 inch oil lamp which the Government of Malta ordered directly from me during the period of the 1970s and 1980s in order to consign it to the foreign delegations who visited our country.”
Meanwhile, even though throughout the years, there were many machines available which could ease the difficulty of the job and hurry the flow of work, Aquilina always refused to use them.
“That is the only way of keeping the profession’s prestige and the value of your creations,” Aquilina insisted. “When this type of work is done by machines, the product will loose all its significance because nothing can replace the creative fabrication of the human hand. A handmade product is unique because one can rarely create an object exactly like another. Contrarily, the very precision of objects which are executed by machines will simply turn them into ordinary copies.”
In order to design and work his particular creations, at times Aquilina had to manufacture his own tools. Yet apart from the ingeniousness required in order to assemble these devices, it was fascinating to know the stories behind the origin of some of the material.
“Look at these heavy hammers and feel how heavy they are,” he told me with a mischievous look as he brought them near. “I bet that no one would ever guess what they are made of until I tell them myself!”
Certainly, I did not have the slightest idea.
“These were some of the huge bolts that formed part of the ‘Angel Gabriel’; the Greek tanker which in 1969 got shipwrecked near the area of the ex-Jerma Palace Hotel in Marsascala. I obtained them when the ship was being broken down into pieces in order to clear the coast.”
Another curious fact about this trade is that whenever a new silversmith is authorized to start his/her business, he/she is given a personal stamp with which to mark each object that they make. This stamp will be unique and it cannot be transferred to another person. Therefore, each silversmith’s work can always be recognized, no matter how much time elapses.
In order to explain better, Aquilina referred to an old and rare book ‘The Goldsmiths of Malta and their Marks’ (1972) which was published by Chev Victor Fredrick Denaro; a pioneer in the study of ancient silver in Malta. In this book, one finds significant information about the ancient trade of silversmiths which goes back to the period of the Knights of St John. Meanwhile, this publication includes also all the local silversmiths’ stamps together with their relevant details; starting from the Knights period up to 1972.
“This book is very precious to me particularly because it helps me to identify the silversmiths of the antique objects which I work on. This will also determine the period of the objects’ manufacture with more precision, and thereby I can understand better which materials and which procedures were involved in its making,” explained Aquilina.
The restoration of antique metal objects requires high expertise and attention since one small mistake could ruin them completely. Indeed, in these last years Aquilina was responsible for the restoration of various treasured items which include: the restoration of the silver crown of the icon of the Madonna of Carafa that is located within the Co-Cathedral of St John in Valletta, the restoration of the silver leaves that form part of the decoration of the relic of St John the Baptist which is situated in the Museum of the same Co-Cathedral, and in the restoration of the sword of the titular statue of St Catherine in the Parish of Zejtun.
(This article was published in the ‘Art, Antiques and Restoration’ Supplement of The Times of Malta dated 12th November 2014)
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Iċ-Ċiniż li baqa’ Malta
Il-Ħadd li għadda bosta minna erħejnilha lejn iċ-ċimiterji ta’ madwar il-gżejjer tagħna sabiex insellmu lil qrabatna jew lil xi ħbieb li m’għadhomx magħna.
Ħafna kienu dawk li ħadu magħhom bukketti sbieħ ta’ fjuri kkuluriti u jfuħu sabiex jitpoġġew fuq l-oqbra safrana tal-ġebla kiesħa tal-franka jew fuq l-irħam samm abjad karti jew iswed daqs il-lejl. Ġest li apparti t-turija ta’ rispett u mħabba, donnu jipprova wkoll jagħti l-ħajja fejn jidher li m’hemmx.
Oħrajn ħadu ħsieb ukoll inaddfu l-oqbra billi naqqew xi ħaxix ħażin li kiber maż-żmien jew bidlu xi ritratt li jkun sfar bis-snin.
Eluf ta’ xemgħat ħomor inxtiegħlu sabiex bil-fjamma tagħhom kiebja jakkumpanjaw it-talb impespes jew fil-qalb li ntqal għall-bżonnijiet tal-erwieħ.
Id-dmugħ ġelben fuq ħaddejn bosta individwi. Anki fuq ta’ dawk li qrabathom ilhom snin li ħallewhom imma li l-firda baqgħet tqanqalhom.
Insibhom interessanti wisq dawn ir-ritwali tas-soċjetà tagħna li tibqa’ tgħożż lil dawk li ħabbet anki wara mewthom; kultant anki billi tibqa’ titrattahom daqs li kieku għadhom ħajjin.
Miexja matul it-trejqat taċ-ċimiterju tal-Addolorata, stajt ninnota dawn il-ġesti kollha. Qalbi ngħafset għal dawk l-oqbra li baqgħu għera għax donnu ħadd ma mar iżurhom. Imma mbagħad ċertu dati li qrajt fuqhom tawni x’naħseb li forsi dik il-familja ntemmet u b’hekk, ma fadalx aktar min iżurha.
L-oqbra ta’ Xu Huizhong u Gu Yanzhao
Wasalt quddiem l-oqbra li mort inżur jien: dak ta’ Xu Huizhong u ta’ Gu Yanzhao, iż-żewġ inġiniera Ċiniżi li mietu f’pajjiżna waqt li kienu qed jaħdmu fuq il-Baċir Numru 6. Filwaqt li Xu kien miet mewta traġika, Gu kien ħalliena minħabba kawża ta’ mard.
Ir-ritratti tagħhom ħarsu lejja u jiena sellimtilhom f’isem pajjiżhom u f’isem pajjiżi. B’turija ta’ rispett, poġġejt bukkett kriżantemi bojod u sofor li skont l-użanza Ċiniża jissimbolizzaw in-niket u s-swied il-qalb. Imbagħad skont il-kultura tiegħi, tlabt lil Alla biex jagħtihom il-mistrieħ ta’ dejjem.
Niftakar li meta staqsejt lil xi individwi Ċiniżi, l-għala dawn iż-żewġ persuni ndifnu hawn Malta u ma ttieħdux lura f’pajjiżhom, huma kienu nfurmawni illi kienu l-familjari tagħhom stess li għażlu hekk. Skont il-kultura Ċiniża, dawn kellhom jindifnu fil-pajjiż li ħadmu għalih għax hekk biss setgħu jistrieħu fil-paċi ta’ dejjem: billi meta jitlesta l-proġett li kienu ġew biex jaħdmu fuqu, huma jkunu għadhom ‘preżenti’ fuq l-istess art. Barra minn hekk, il-familjari xtaqu wkoll li permezz ta’ din id-deċiżjoni, dawn l-għeżież tagħhom jibqgħu jiġu miftakra b’rispett mill-poplu li huma kienu marru biex jagħtuh daqqa t’id.
Xorta waħda, tħassibt dwar x’iħossu llum il-familjari ta’ dawn l-individwi li kellhom iħallu lil min ħabbew daqstant il-bogħod minn arthom.
Midalja tal-Qadi tar-Repubblika għall-inġinier Xu Huizhong
Dal-ħsieb ma ħallinix bi kwieti u għalhekk iddeċidejt li nitkellem mal-ex-Ministru Laburista, Reno Calleja, li fl-1979, kien intbagħat mill-Prim Ministru Duminku Mintoff sabiex jagħti l-Midalja tal-Qadi tar-Repubblika lill-familjari tal-inġinier Xu Huizhong peress li huwa tilef ħajtu traġikament fis-16 ta’ Marzu 1979 waqt li kien qed jaqdi dmiru fil-bini tal-baċir.
“Dik hija ġurnata li jiena ma ninsa qatt!” stqarr mill-ewwel Calleja hekk kif bdejna nitkellmu. “Anzi, nista’ ngħid li personalment ngħodd dak il-mument bħala l-akbar wieħed fil-karriera politika tiegħi. Napprezzah tant għax dakinhar ħassejt li jien kont parti mill-istorja ta’ pajjiżi fejn Malta kienet qed tagħti ġieħ kbir lil ħaddiem barrani wara mewtu, minħabba li hu miet waqt li kien qed jgħin lil pajjiżna.”
Il-ftehim ta’ għajnuna bejn Malta u ċ-Ċina
Calleja jiftakar sewwa ż-żmien meta kien qiegħed isir il-ftehim maċ-Ċina sabiex din tgħin lil pajjiżna jiġi fuq saqajh.
“F’dawk is-snin anki ċ-Ċina kienet relattivament fqira iżda xorta tat daqqa t’id lil Malta. U huwa f’ġesti bħal dawn li tara l-veru ħbiberija ta’ pajjiż: meta jgħinek f’mumenti meta lanqas hu ma jkun jiflaħ wisq,” sostna Calleja.
“Il-pass għaqli li kien għamel Mintoff, meta xahar wara Nixon, fl-1972, tela’ ma’ delegazzjoni Maltija sabiex jiltaqa’ ma’ Mao Zedong, kien ġie apprezzat wisq. U grazzi għal din id-deċiżjoni, għadna ngawdu l-frott ta’ ħbiberija kbira ma’ dan il-pajjiż li llum stagħna sewwa.”
Għadd ta’ ħaddiema Ċiniżi jgħinu fil-bini tal-Baċir Nru. 6
“Apparti li kienu tawna għajnuna finanzjarja, iċ-Ċiniżi għenuna ħafna billi bagħtu fostna għadd ta’ ħaddiema tekniċi sabiex iwettqu numru ta’ proġetti kbar f’pajjiżna, fosthom il-Baċir Numru 6,” kompla jispjegali Calleja.
“Dawn il-ħaddiema Ċiniżi ħadmu spalla ma’ spalla mal-Maltin u niesna stagħnaw fil-prinċipji ta’ kif wieħed għandu jaħdem fuq xogħolu hekk kif bdew jinnutaw il-kultura tagħhom. Kultura ta’ nies li għandhom umiltà kbira, bżulija liema bħalha u sens ta’ dover qawwi lejn pajjiżhom. L-entużjażmu li l-Maltin raw fost il-ħaddiema Ċiniżi, huma u jaħdmu bi preċiżjoni u b’għaqal, anki jekk kienu qed jagħmlu dan għall-pajjiż ieħor, ispirathom biex anki huma jagħmlu bħalhom. U jekk il-ħaddiema Ċiniżi kienu qed jaħdmu b’tant dedikazzjoni biex jagħmlu lil pajjiżhom kburi bihom, anki l-ħaddiema Maltin kienu qed jistinkaw daqshom biex pajjiżhom ikun jafulhom,” qalli Calleja.
“Meta l-Baċir Numru 6 tlesta u saret iċ-ċerimonja tal-ftuħ, jien kont hemm u naħlef li rajt lil uħud mill-ħaddiema jibku meta raw wiċċ Mintoff jixgħel b’sodisfazzjon għax-xogħol li kien twettaq minnhom kollha.”
Reno Calleja jitla’ ċ-Ċina biex iwassal il-Midalja
Iżda dan ir-rakkont kellu wkoll il-lat ikraħ tiegħu, fosthom din it-traġedja fejn ħalla ħajtu l-inġinier Xu.
“Fl-1979 ġejt mistieden biex nitla’ ċ-Ċina sabiex nirrappreżenta l-Għaqda ta’ Ħbiberija bejn Malta u ċ-Ċina u kif kien mistenni, infurmajt lil Prim Ministru b’dan. Huwa qalli biex nitla’ f’April minħabba li kellu xi ħaġa f’moħħu,” ftakar Calleja.
“Wara xi ħmistax, reġa’ sejjaħli fejn infurmani li hu kien iddeċieda li jagħti l-Midalja Għall-Qadi tar-Repubblika, fuq bażi onorarja wara mewtu, lill-inġinier Xu Huizhong, u jien kelli ntellagħha miegħi. Ftit wara, saret ċerimonja fejn il-President Anton Buttigieg għadda din il-midalja lill-Ambaxxatur taċ-Ċina f’Malta bħala rappreżentant tal-Gvern Ċiniż. Imbagħad din il-midalja ngħatat lili u jien tlajt biha ċ-Ċina.”
Hawnhekk, Calleja ħareġ xi ritratti li kienu jfakkru dawn il-mumenti distinti.“Sabiex issir din l-għotja lill-familjari tal-inġinier Xu, ġiet organizzata ċerimonja kbira fis-Sala tal-Kungress ta’ Shanghai. Għal din l-okkażżjoni, jien ippreparajt id-diskors tiegħi bil-Malti u student Malti kien traduċieha għaċ-Ċiniż. Dan l-istudent kien Clifford Borg-Marks li llum huwa l-Ambaxxatur ta’ Malta fiċ-Ċina.”
“Intant, waqt din iċ-ċerimonja kelli l-privileġġ li niltaqa’ ma’ mart l-inġinier Xu u ma’ wliedu, li kollha apprezzaw ferm dan il-ġest ta’ unur li għaddielhom pajjiżna. Madanakollu, ma nista’ ninsa qatt dak il-wiċċ sogħbien ta’ martu li rringrazzjatni u ma qalet xejn aktar.”
Huwa għadu f’kuntatt magħhom sal-ġurnata ta’ llum.
“Sfortunatament, sena wara li ltqajt magħha, mart Xu mietet bil-għali. Iżda wliedha żammew kuntatt miegħi u ġieli ġew Malta jżuru l-qabar ta’ missierhom. Issa bint Xu għandha tifla li nfurmatni li meta tikber tixtieq issir inġinier bħan-nannu.”
It-tradizzjonijiet taċ-Ċiniżi
Fatt interessanti huwa illi ċ-Ċiniżi ma jiċċelebrawx ir-ritwali tal-mejtin fl-istess żmien tagħna. Barra minn hekk, għandhom aktar minn ċerimonja waħda li tfakkar lil dawk li ħallewna.
Il-Festival Qingming
Fosthom hemm il-Festival Qingming, jew kif inhu wkoll magħruf bħala Il-Ġurnata tat-Tindif tal-Oqbra. Din il-ġurnata taħbat bejn ir-4 jew il-5 t’April, skont il-kalendarju tradizzjonali lunari.
Waqt dan il-festival, in-nies jiftakru u jonoraw lill-antenati tagħhom permezz tat-talb, billi jnaddfu l-oqbra, billi jiżbgħu l-kalligrafija li tkun iċċarat biż-żmien, billi jaħarqu l-inċens u billi joffru ikel, te, xorb u aċċessorji oħra fuq l-oqbra. F’din il-ġurnata, xi nies għandhom ħabta jġorru magħhom zokk taż-żavżava sabiex iżommu lura l-ispirti ħżiena li jkunu qegħdin iduru matul iċ-Qingming.
Peress li ċ-Qingming jibda mal-istaġun tar-Rebbiegħa, in-nies tiċċelebra wkoll dan il-jum billi tmur għal ħarġiet fil-kampanja u ttajjar il-manuċċi. Xi bdiewa jaħartu l-art proprju f’din il-ġurnata.
Il-Festival tal-Erwieħ
Waqt dan il-festival li jsir f’Awwissu jintwera rispett lejn il-mejtin kollha ta’ kull età. Bejn wieħed u ieħor isiru l-istess attivitajiet li jiġu ċċelebrati waqt iċ-Qingming.
Madanakollu, hemm ukoll drawwiet oħra: bħat-tluq ta’ dgħajjes żgħar tal-karti u lanterni fuq l-ilma. Dan ir-ritwal hu maħsub biex jagħti d-direzzjoni lill-erwieħ li jiġu jżuru lill-ħajjin waqt din il-ġurnata, sabiex isibu mill-ġdid il-mistrieħ ta’ dejjem.
(Dan l-artiklu ġie ppubblikat fis-sensiela KOBOR IL-MALTI (25 parti) fit-Torċa tad-9 ta’ Novembru 2014)
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The Chinese who remained in Malta
Last Sunday, many of us went to visit the cemeteries which are located around our islands in order to pay our respects to our dead relatives and friends.
Many of us took with them a beautiful bunch of coloured and fragrant flowers which we left on the cold tombs made of yellowish stone or of icy white or dark black marble. Apart from showing love and respect, this gesture seemed to try to inject life where there was not.
Others have also dedicated some time to clean the tombs by removing the weeds or by changing an old photograph with a new one.
Thousands of red candles were lit so that their humble flame might accompany the soft prayers that were said for the deads’ souls.
Many people had tears in their eyes. Even those whom their relatives had died a long time ago but still feel emotional at this loss.
I find these death rituals very interesting, particularly when I observe how society continues to keep dear to its heart those who have died; sometimes even by continuing to treat them as if they were still alive.
Whilst I walked along the paths of the Addolorata cemetery, I could notice all these customs. A pang of sadness crept into my heart when I noticed some bare tombs whom no one seemed to have visited. However, a closer look at the dates written on these tombs indicated that probably those particular families had ended and therefore nobody remained to visit.
The tombs of Xu Huizhong and Gu Yanzhao
I arrived in front of the tombs which I went to visit: those of Xu Huizhong and Gu Yanzhao; two Chinese engineers who died in our country whilst they were working on Dock Number 6 in Malta. Xu had died accidentally whilst Gu was deceased due to an illness.
Their photos looked at me and I greeted them in name of their country and in name of mine. As a sign of respect, I put a bunch of white and yellow chrysanthemums on their tombs according to Chinese tradition which symbolizes sadness and grief. Then, according to my culture, I prayed to God to give them eternal rest.
I remember that when I asked some Chinese individuals regarding why these two persons had been buried in Malta and were not taken back to their country, they informed me that this had been their relatives’ decision. This is because, according to Chinese culture, these individuals had to be buried in the country for which they were working because that was the only way how they could rest in peace: for they had to be present on the same land when the project on which they were working was successfully finished.
Notwithstanding this, I still wondered what these persons’ relatives might have felt when they had to allow those whom they had loved, to be buried in a foreign country, and so far away.
An honorary medal of the Republic of Malta for engineer Xu Huizhong
I continued to think about this and so I decided to talk to ex-Labour Minister, Reno Calleja, who in 1979 was sent by Malta Prime Minister, Duminku Mintoff in order to present an Honorary Award of the Republic of Malta to the family of engineer Xu Huizhong. This honour was given to this man after he died tragically on 16th March 1979 whilst he was working at the construction of a new dock in our country.
“That was a day which I will never forget!” revealed Calleja as soon as we started to discuss this matter. “More than that, I must say that personally, I consider that moment as the most salient one in my political career. I cherish it that much because on that day, I felt that I was becoming part of my country’s history; where Malta was presenting a very significant award to a foreign worker after his death, because he had lost his life whilst he was helping our country.”
An agreement between Malta and China
Calleja remembers clearly that period when China had agreed to help our country to regain its economic strength.
“In those years, even China was a relatively poor country but it chose to help Malta all the same. It is during such moments that one can see the true friendship of a country: when it helps you in times when it is not so strong itself,” insisted Calleja.
“The wise decision that Mintoff had made, when in 1972 he visited China with a Maltese delegation in order to meet Mao Zedong, after Nixon had did so too about a month before, was very much appreciated. And thanks to this choice, the Maltese people are still enjoying the benefit of this friendship, now that China has become a very rich country.”
Many Chinese workers help in the construction of Dock Number 6
“Apart from giving us financial support, the Chinese people helped us a lot by sending us many technical workers in order to attend to various important projects in Malta, including the construction of Dock Number 6,” Calleja continued to explain.
“These Chinese workers have worked along with the Maltese labourers and our people got enriched in the principles of work as they learnt about the Chinese culture from these people. It was a culture of a people of great humility with vast enterprise together with a devotional sense of duty towards their own country. The enthusiasm shown by the Chinese workers as they worked with quality and precision, even when they were doing this for another country, inspired the Maltese to behave like them. And if the Chinese labourers were working with much dedication in order to make their country proud, the Maltese labourers were getting busy so that their country would be thankful to them,” Calleja said.
“When Dock Number 6 was ready, I attended to the opening ceremony and I swear that I noticed many workers cry when they saw Mintoff’s face alight with satisfaction for the good job that everyone had made.”
Reno Calleja goes to China in order to present the Medal
Unfortunately, this fantastic narrative has also its negative side; including the instance of the death of engineer Xu.
“In 1979, I was invited to visit China in order to represent the Malta-China Friendship Society. When I advised the Prime Minister about this, he requested me to go to China in April because he had something in mind,” remembered Calleja.
“After a fortnight, Mintoff informed me that he had decided to give a Medal of the Republic of Malta on an honorary basis after his death to engineer Xu Huizhong and I was recommended to take it with me on my visit to China. Soon ex-President of Malta, Anton Buttigieg, organized a ceremony wherein he invited the ex-Ambassador of China in Malta, as a representative of the Government of the People’s Republic of China in order to present him with this medal. Then this medal was handed to me and I took it with me to China.”
Here, Calleja showed me some photographs of those distinguished moments.
“A very big ceremony was organized at the great Congress Hall in Shanghai in order to present this medal to engineer Xu’s family. For this event, I prepared a speech in Maltese which was translated in Chinese by a Maltese student. This student was Clifford Borg-Marks whom today is the Ambassador of Malta in China.”
“During this ceremony, I had the privilege to meet engineer Xu’s widow and his children who all appreciated very much this honourable award that our country had given them. However, I can never forget the sad face of his widow who thanked me respectfully and said nothing more.”
From then on, Calleja has kept in contact with Xu’s family.
“Regrettably, a year after I met her, Xu’s widow died of grief. Yet her children kept in contact with me and they came to Malta in order to visit their father’s grave. Now, Xu’s grand-daughter has informed me that when she grows up, she would like to become an engineer like her grandpa.”
Chinese traditions
An interesting fact is that the Chinese people do not celebrate the death rituals during our same period. Furthermore, they have more than one ceremony related to paying respect to their dead.
Qingming Festival
Among these traditions, there is the Qingming Festival or Tomb Sweeping Day. This festival takes place on the 4th or the 5th April, according to the traditional lunar calendar.
During this festival, the people remember and honour their ancestors by praying, cleaning tombs, re-painting calligraphy on tombs, burning incense or offering food, tea, drinks and other accessories on the tombs. Moreover, on this day, some people may carry willow branches with them or hang them on their doors in order to ward off the evil spirits which may roam around on Qingming.
Since the Qingming takes place with the beginning of the Spring season, these celebrations usually include also family outings and kite flying. Some farmers start ploughing their fields on this day.
The Ghost Festival
During this festival which takes place in August, people will pay respects to all deceased whether young or old. Some of the activities which take place during the Qingming are also undertaken throughout the Ghost Festival; including the offering of food and the burning of incense.
Other celebrations could include the releasing of miniature paper boats and lanterns on water. This ritual is intended to direct the lost ghosts and spirits to their resting places as some people believe that on this day, the deceased will visit the living.
(This article is a translation of the Maltese original version which was published in the series KOBOR IL-MALTI (Part 25) in Torċa dated 9th November 2014)
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Imħabba sa wara l-mewt
Hekk kif illum qegħdin niċċelebraw Jum l-Erwieħ kollha, deherli li għandi nippreżentalkhom ġrajja li xi ftit jew wisq, għandha x’taqsam ma’ dan il-perjodu. Madanakollu, aktar milli nikteb dwar in-niket li ġġib magħha l-mewt, permezz ta’ dan l-artiklu nixtieq nuri illi t-tmiem ta’ persuna jseħħ biss jekk din tintesa. Sakemm tibqa’ l-memorja ta’ dak li jkun almenu f’moħħ individwu wieħed, dawk li ħallewna jibqgħu ħajjin fostna daqslikieku qatt ma telqu.
L-iskoperta ta’ din il-ġrajja seħħet bla ħsieb meta jiena mort inżur il-Mużew Nazzjonali tal-Gwerra fil-Belt Valletta. L-għan tiegħi kien li niltaqa’ mal-Kuratur Charles Debono sabiex fi ħdan iċ-ċentinarju mill-Ewwel Gwerra Dinjija li qegħdin infakkru din is-sena, nifhem aħjar x’kien li qanqal dan it-taqbid qalil.
Il-Kuratur Debono kien infurmat sewwa dwar din l-era mdemmija u meta rani interessata biex inkun naf aktar, huwa baqa’ jdawwarni mal-mużew sabiex niddiskutu wkoll it-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija. Ma kienx hemm oġġett li ma kellimnix dwaru u b’hekk wara li lestejna, kelli materjal kemm irrid fuq xhiex naħdem.
Iżda ġara, li fost il-memorji u l-istejjer kollha li smajt, kien hemm ġrajja ta’ mħabba li seħħet bejn il-leġġendarju Wing Commander Adrian Warburton u l-maħbuba tiegħu Christina Ratcliffe, li ma stajt inneħħija b’xejn minn moħħi. Personalment, qatt ma kont smajt b’din il-koppja u għalhekk tħajjart insir naf aktar dwarha.
L-esebiti fil-Mużew Nazzjonali tal-Gwerra
In-narrattiva ta’ din il-ġrajja tnisslet permezz ta’ ħames esebiti li jinsabu fil-mużew. Dawn huma: Midalja tal-Imperu Brittanniku, beritta tal-RAF, ġakketta ta’ uniformi militari, tazza tal-metall li ntrebħet waqt attività sportiva u parti minn ajruplan tat-tip P38 Lightning aircraft.
It-tifsira ta’ dawn l-oġġetti se tifhmuha waqt li taqraw dan l-artiklu.
Żmien li nissel l-eroj
Hekk kif bdejt ir-riċerka tiegħi dwar Warburton u Ratcliffe, sibt li kien hemm diversi kotba miktuba dwarhom. U permezz t’hekk, bil-pass il-pass, irnexxieli nsegwi xi ftit mill-ħajja tagħhom sabiex nieħu idea dwar min kienu dawn iż-żewġ persuni u anki minn xhiex għaddew.
Ftit ftit, ħassejtni donni miexja lura lejn is-snin erbgħin; żmien meta kemm il-pajjiż tagħna u kif ukoll niesna għaddew minn l-eħrex tbatijiet u ġew mgħasra sat-tarf tal-limiti tagħhom, sakemm finalment, minn fosthom ħarġu l-eroj.
Adrian Warburton
Adrian Warburton twieled f’Middlesborough, l-Ingilterra fl-10 ta’ Marzu 1918. Imma missieru Godfrey, li kien kmandat żagħżugħ tas-sottomarini u li kien diġà rċieva l-unur prestiġġjuż għas-servizz distint tiegħu (Distinguished Service Order), iddeċieda li jgħammdu ġewwa sottomarin li kien qiegħed sorġut hawn Malta.
Jidher li bosta mill-membri tal-familja Warburton kienu magħrufa għall-atteġġjament eċċentriku tagħhom, speċjalment f’mumenti li jikkonċernaw il-gwerra. U kif kiteb l-awtur Tony Spooner, fil-ktieb tiegħu ‘Warburton’s War’, l-unuri tad-DSO kienu xi ħaġa komuni f’din il-familja.
Infatti, akkost li Adrian Warburton ma għex ħajja twila, anki hu rċieva dan l-unur darbtejn. Fosthom, wieħed minn dawn l-unuri ngħatalu minħabba l-kuraġġ li wera waqt missjoni partikolari li suppost kellha tinvolvi t-teħid ta’ ritratti mill-ajru tal-vapuri tal-għadu. Iżda ġara li waqt din it-titjira, il-kameras ma ħadmux u meta ra hekk, Warburton niżel tant fil-baxx bl-ajruplan tiegħu minn bejn il-vapuri tal-gwerra Taljani li kienu jinsabu f’Taranto, li dawk li kienu miegħu, setgħu jaqraw isimhom u jieħdu nota tagħhom. Din l-informazzjoni wasslet biex l-armata Ingliża setgħet twettaq attakk effettiv fuq l-għadu aktar tard f’dak il-lejl.
Warburton jgħaddi bi żbrixx bħala pilota
It-tajba hija illi waqt it-taħriġ tiegħu biex isir pilota, Warburton ma tantx kien impressjona wisq lil dawk ta’ fuqu u għalkemm għadda mit-testijiet involuti, huwa ġab l-inqas grad possibbli. Probabbli, apparti mill-fatt li hu spiss kien jazzarda żżejjed, jista’ jkun li din kienet ir-raġuni vera l-għala huwa kraxxja kemm il-darba waqt il-missjonijiet tiegħu, għalkemm b’xi mod jew ieħor, dejjem reġa’ lura. Forsi dan kien ukoll il-mottiv il-għala meta hu baqa’ ma rritornax wara l-aħħar titjira tiegħu fl-1944, ħadd ma ried jemmen li hu kien miet….
Warburton trasferit lejn Malta
Kien fis-6 ta’ Settembru 1940 meta Warburton niżel fl-ajruport ta’ Ħal-Luqa wara li ġie trasferit biex jaħdem f’Malta. Huwa ma damx ma beda jiġbed l-attenzjoni fuqu minħabba li kien juri li ma jibża’ minn xejn. Ngħidu aħna, darba minnhom waqt li kien kienet fuq titjira b’missjoni li jinġibdu ritratti ta’ tkixxif fuq l-għadu, hu u żewġ suldati oħra li kienu miegħu, irnexxielhom jisparaw u jwaqqgħu ajruplan Taljan tat-tip Z.506B.
Kif bdiet il-ġrajja ta’ mħabba
Il-ġrajja ta’ mħabba bejnu u bejn Christina Ratcliffe bdiet meta hi sabet ruħha maqbuda hawn Malta, peress li fl-10 ta’ Ġunju 1940, l-Italja ddikkjarat gwerra lill-Ingilterra u lil Franza. Oriġinarjament, Christina kienet ġiet Malta flimkien ma’ grupp taż-żfin sabiex jagħmlu spettaklu tal-kabaret. Però meta mbagħad sabu ruħhom f’pajjiżna bla mpjieg, dawn l-artisti qabdu u ffurmaw grupp għal rashom bl-isem ta’ Whizz Bangs u bdew joffru spettaklu għat-truppi.
Christina ma damitx ma għamlet il-ħbieb hawn Malta. Fost dawn, kien hemm il-pilota Franċiż Jacques Mehouas li waqt il-laqgħat tagħhom, kellu ħabta jsemmilha lil Warburton fejn kien jiddeskrivih bħala pilota Ingliż formidabbli u ta’ kuraġġ kbir. Ironikament, kienet il-mewt ta’ dan il-Franċiż li ressqet lill-koppja Warburton u Ratcliffe flimkien, hekk kif Adrian, li kien ukoll ħabib ta’ Mehouas, mar jagħti l-kondoljanzi lil Christina.
F’kitbiet tagħha, Christina tistqarr li sa minn din l-ewwel laqgħa tagħhom, hi kienet diġà ntilfet wara Adrian. Fosthom tgħid illi b’dak ix-xagħar bjond, lewn id-deheb, u b’dawk l-għajnejn koħol sbieħ, stħajjlitu xi alla Grieg.
Koppja simbolu ħaj tal-ispirtu tal-gżejjer Maltin
Fl-1939 Warburton kien iżżewweġ lil Eileen Mitchell wara biss ftit żmien li kien ilu jafha. Imma jingħad li hu kien telaqha minnufih wara li skopra li din kienet ħbietlu li kienet iddivorzjata u li kellha wild.
Min-naħa l-oħra, fi Christina huwa sab is-sieħba perfetta għalih u huma ma damux ma saru waħda mill-aktar koppji popolari ta’ dak iż-żmien. Bħal Adrian, Christina kienet sabiħa, kariżmatika u avventuruża. U kif iddeskriviehom tajjeb Spooner fil-ktieb tiegħu: bil-personalitajiet, bil-kuraġġ u bid-determinazzjoni tagħhom, huma saru simbolu ħaj tal-ispirtu tal-gżejjer Maltin, li ma seta’ jiġi qatt mirbuħ.
Fil-fatt, minbarra li għall-ewwel Christina baqgħet taħdem bħala żeffiena, wara xi żmien hija vvolontarjat ukoll bħala telefonista mal-RAF. Imbagħad bdiet tagħmel ix-xogħol ta’ plotter fil-Kwartieri tal-Gwerra l-Belt, sakemm eventwalment, hija saret l-assistenta tal-Kontrullur u b’hekk kellha tabbanduna l-grupp Whizz Bangs.
It-tmiem ta’ din il-ġrajja ta’ mħabba
Sfortunatament, din il-ġrajja ta’ mħabba ntemmet ħesrem meta fit-12 t’April 1944, Warburton intbagħat fuq missjoni ta’ tkixxif sabiex jieħu r-ritratti minn fuq il-Ġermanja. Imma wara dakinhar, qatt ma rritorna.
Għall-ewwel in-nuqqas tiegħu ma ttieħedx bis-serjetà għax ma kinetx l-ewwel darba li hu waqaf x’imkien apposta bla ma qal lil ħadd, ħlief forsi lil Christina; bħal meta darba niżel il-Greċja biex jixtri l-alkoħol għax f’Malta ma kellux. Iżda meta ż-żmien beda dieħel u l-ġranet inbidlu f’xhur, kulħadd beda jispekula x’seta’ ġara. Fosthom kien hemm min qal li Warburton kien wettaq suwiċidju għax kien xeba’ f’din il-ħajja ta’ gwerra. Imbagħad, kien hemm ukoll min ġietu l-idea li dan tant xeba’ minn Christina li kien iddeċieda li jiskappa u jisparixxi, forsi anki għax kellu xi tfajla ġdida…
Intant, wara dan l-inċident, Christina nbidlet drastikament. Il-ġirien tagħha jiftakru li kienet inqatgħet għal kollox min-nies. Bdiet tippreferi tgħix ħajja iżolata fl-appartament tagħha li kien jinsab f’7/3, Vilhena Terrace, Triq Vilhena, il-Furjana. Kull ġurnata kienet tgħaddiha tistenna li jħabbat il-bieb u li ssib lil Adrian quddiemha. Bdiet anki tagħtiha għax-xorb u ftit ftit spiċċat b’ta’ fuqha senduqha.
Ċertament, kienet tassew ħasra li mara bħal dik, li fl-1943 kienet onorata bil-Midalja tal-Imperu Brittaniku bħala rikonoxxenza għas-sehem tagħha waqt it-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija, tiġi f’dan l-istat. Matul ħajjitha, Christina ddeċidiet li tagħti b’donazzjoni din il-midalja tagħha flimkien ma’ parti mill-uniformi u t-tazza li kienu tal-għażiż Adrian tagħha lil Mużew Nazzjonali tal-Gwerra fil-Belt Valletta, sabiex b’hekk, il-ġrajja tagħhom tingħaqad flimkien ma’ dik tal-pajjiż li huma kienu ltaqgħu u nħabbu fih.
Warburton jinstab
Kien biss fl-2002 meta nkixef id-destin ta’ Warburton. Dan seħħ meta Frank Dorber, riċerkatur tal-avjazzjoni, skopra l-fdalijiet ta’ dan il-pilota ġewwa kabina ta’ ajruplan imwaqqgħa, li kien midfun f’madwar żewġ metri fond, f’għalqa ġewwa l-villaġġ Egling an der Paar li jinsab fil-Bavarja, 34 mil bogħod minn Munich.
Wara li saret eżaminazzjoni tal-ajruplan imġarraf, instabu numru ta’ toqob tal-balal ġewwa wieħed mill-iskrejjen tiegħu u dan indika li l-għadu kien spara fuq Warburton u waqqgħu. Eventwalment, minħabba l-ġrajja li semmejna hawn fuq u l-involviment tiegħu f’pajjiżna, parti minn dan l-ajruplan, ngħatat bħala donazzjoni lill-Mużew Nazzjonali tal-Gwerra fil-Belt u din ngħaqdet mat-tifkiriet li kienet ħalliet Christina.
Sadanittant, skont ir-regolamenti tal-Commonwealth, fl-14 ta’ Mejju 2003, Warburton ġie onorat b’funeral formali u ġie midfun fiċ-Ċimiterju tal-Gwerra tal-Commonwealth f’Durnbach, fis-Sezzjoni 11, Row H, Qabar Nru. 27. Fatt kurjuż huwa li għal din iċ-ċerimonja, attendiet ukoll martu Eileen li ħafna kienu ilhom li għodduha b’mejta.
X’ġara minn Christina?
Naturalment, wara din is-sejba, dawk li kienu jafu bil-ġrajja ta’ din il-koppja, bdew jistaqsu x’kien sar minn Christina Ratcliffe?
Waqt ir-riċerka tiegħi, sibt illi Christina kienet ġiet midfuna fiċ-ċimiterju tal-Addolorata u wara li kont qrajt tant dwarha, ħassejt l-obbligu li mmur inżurha.
Għalhekk, fthemt mal-ħabib tiegħi Eman Bonnici li huwa l-Assistent Librar taċ-Ċimiterju tal-Addolorata u riċerkatur ta’ dan is-sit, sabiex jakkumpanjani sal-qabar tagħha. Miegħi ħadt ukoll bukkett fjuri sabiħ b’turija ta’ rispett lejn din il-mara li waqt din il-gwerra, apparti li ħabbet lil Warburton, ħadmet ukoll għal pajjiżi u għenet lil niesi.
Skont in-notamenti taċ-ċimiterju, jidher li Christina Ratcliffe mietet fl-1988 u ndifnet f’qabar fis-sezzjoni tal-Commonwealth. Iżda aktar tard, fl-1993, il-fdalijiet tagħha nġabru u ndifnu mill-ġdid f’qabar privat li nxtara minn xi familjari tagħha. Dan jinsab fid-Diviżjoni tal-Lvant, Sezzjoni MA-D, Qabar Nru. 4.
Bonnici infurmani wkoll illi skont deffien mill-Furjana li kien jgħix fl-istess blokka ta’ Christina, din il-mara tant kienet ftaqret, li l-ġirien kellhom jiġbru somma bejniethom sabiex jingħatalha funeral xieraq.
Viċin ir-ritratt tagħha, ilmaħt il-kitba ‘Christina of George Cross Island’ u hemmhekk erħejt il-fjuri tiegħi. F’qalbi xtaqt bi ħrara kbira li hi kienet qed tarani ħalli tifhem li għadha ma ntesietx.
Għalkemm forsi ma tantx hawn Maltin li jafu b’din il-ġrajja, Bonnici qalli li numru ta’ barranin, l-aktar mill-Ingilterra u mill-Iskozja, regolarment iżuru l-qabar tagħha bħala sinjal ta’ rispett lejn eroina li għarrfet tħobb tant anki waqt żmien daqstant turbulenti. Fuq kollox, huma sikwit jistaqsu, jekk finalment wasalx iż-żmien biex dawn iż-żewġ maħbubin, anki jekk wara mewthom, jingħaqdu mill-ġdid flimkien?
(Dan l-artiklu ġie ppubblikat fit-Torċa tat-2 ta’ Novembru 2014)
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Far more than walking on a winter wonderland
We had always wished to spend Christmas in some foreign land in order to see how this event is celebrated in other countries. Ideally this place had to be similar to the ones that we saw on Christmas cards; that is with wooden log cabins, fire-places and much much snow.
Eventually, a brilliant idea came to our mind! What if we went to visit Santa’s land itself in Lapland, Northern Finland?
Although many of us have grown up to believe that Father Christmas is just a legend, my daughter and I are sure that he is real. Well, he comes to visit us each year and he always leaves a lovely present for Martina. So surely, after ten annual visits to our home, we decided that it would be nice of us to exchange the courteousy.
That was how we found ourselves at Gatwick airport being led away from the usual crowded queues by a special officer who rang a bell in order to call for those whose destination was Ivalo airport.
Soon, several families with excited children joined the group and off we went on a charter airplane which was waiting to take us to this magical land. Everything was superb from the start, even this flight which was completely dedicated to entertain the children with enjoyable games. Then, when we were approaching land, all the children turned to the airplane’s window in order to watch for Santa’s flying sleigh. We did not succeed to see it but deep beneath the fluffy white clouds, there appeared a strange landscape of dark land, remarkably patterned with plentiful shiny rivers and lakes. So that was how the Arctic Circle looked!
Our airplane landed smoothly down at Ivalo’s minute airport in Lapland, North Finland and soon we found ourselves walking in the crunchy snow. Mischievous, brightly dressed elves slid out together with our luggage and greeted us with playful tricks, whilst a traditionally dressed Finnish Sami, who forms part of the indigenous people of this area, welcomed us to his land in the company of a large reindeer. A coach transferred us to the tourist resort in Saariselkä which was only 25 minutes away.
Since in Saariselkä, the temperature goes down well beyond zero degrees, we had to pack a couple of cosy clothes in our luggage. However, on arrival, everyone was provided with a complimentary thermal outer-suit, along with woolen socks, snow boots, outer gloves and hats, in order to guarantee a comfortable stay since there the temperature could go down to -30 degrees celcius.
There is a good choice of hotels wherein to spend this holiday: starting from Santa’s Kieppi which is built in the traditional Finnish style, and moving on to the modern style Santa’s Holiday Club which includes an indoor pool with waves and chutes. We chose to stay in Hotel Kieppi because we considered it to be more authentic. Its owner, Matti Välitalo, informed us that in Finnish, the word ‘kieppi’ referred to the burrow where animals hibernated during winter, and surely this place was warm and snug contrasting to the icy coldness outside.
Between the beginning of December and the first days of January, Saariselkä experiences the polar night as the sun does not rise. However the place does not lie in total darkness since the light of the moon, the stars, and the magnificent Northern Lights are reflected by the snow, and therefore one can move around easily at whatever time. During this period, at about ten in the morning, the dusky blue sky turns into an unusual blend of silver and blue colours which is later imbued with different hues of blue and red, until at about three in the afternoon, when it starts getting dark again. This entire ambience felt strange at first but once we got used to it, it enhanced each and every moment and turned it into a unique Christmas experience. We really felt as if we had stepped into another world.
Even the activities that we could do were extraordinary and it didn’t take very long to see the adults being transformed into joyful and happy children. It’s bound to be! For how can one resist the feeling of a true white Christmas whilst squishing or toboganning in the milky Arctic snow? We were provided with free toboganns from our hotel and Martina took the opportunity to be pulled all along the way. I have to admit that it was somewhat frightening at first because we had never experienced this sport. But when we saw very young children shooting down confidently, we walked up the small snowy hill and off we went. Oh my! It felt like flying! An amazing experience! Anyhow, we lost count how much rides we did.
Each time we travelled by coach, our guides made their utmost in order to help us feel the Christmas spirit. Once more, we found the atmosphere quite captivating as we sang heartily a couple of old Christmas songs along with people coming from various countries around the world, under a sky packed with twinkling stars.
However surely, the best moment of this holiday for each visitor, whether adult or young was the special visit to the village of Father Christmas in the Arctic Circle. Here, with activities ranging from ice fishing, toboganning, reindeer sleigh rides, snow hockey, skidoo rides, and an igloo bar, who can wish for more? Yet there was more! In fact, after providing us with the required instructions, we were offered to drive a pack of huskies in the snow. My husband controlled the huskies and my daughter and I huddled up in the sleigh wrapped up in reindeer skin. What a delight!
Still, more followed since each family, at some point or another, was secretly and quickly hurried upon a snowmobile-sled in order to search for the elves who knew how to point the way to Santa’s log cabin which was craftily hidden in the icy woods. It was a really enthralling experience to enter into the warmth of Santa’s magical hut and to find him sitting in his huge wooden chair amid a multitude of colourful presents. Martina was dumbfounded as she noticed that Santa was holding and reading her own hand-written letter which she had sent him some days ago by post from Valletta! When she found some courage, she told him that many of her friends told her that he did not exist.
“Well now you have seen that I do!” he told her warmly as he laughed heartily and gave her a beautiful teddy bear. Martina hugged Santa as if to check that she was not dreaming and she even kissed him on the cheek. Once our private meeting with Santa was over, we were taken back to the rest of the group but Martina was simply entranced by this experience.
On Christmas day, we attended a gala dinner where we discovered that in Finland, ham is the Christmas food specialty. However we were treated to a bountiful meal of different meats and fish, together with a selection of pastries and delicious wild berries.
We surely missed the company of our dear family members and the sweet presence of baby Jesus in his crib which was nowhere in sight in these locations. Yet in Saariselkä everything was designed to entertain visitors and one will absolutely not have time to feel a trace of sadness.
We spent only four days in Santa’s Lapland but the surrealism of the place mystified the aspect of time and we felt as if we belonged there. Surely no other Christmas will ever match this one.
(This article was published in the Travel Supplement of The Sunday Times of Malta dated 2nd November 2014)
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